to regard as uncertain

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].

Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).

Lit. (very rare):

ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,

Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:

fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,

Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.

Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:

sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:

quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §

213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,

Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:

equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,

Liv. 4, 40:

dubius sum, quid faciam,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:

dubius, unde rumperet silentium,

id. Epod. 5, 85:

spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,

Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:

Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,

id. 31, 42:

haud dubius quin,

id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:

dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,

Liv. 6, 14; so,

haud dubius,

id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,

dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,

Ov. F. 6, 572:

consilii,

Just. 2, 13:

sententiae,

Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:

salutis,

Ov. M. 15, 438:

vitae,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:

fati,

Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—

Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):

dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,

Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.

hostes (opp. firmi),

id. ib. 51 fin.:

nutantes ac dubiae civitates,

Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:

quid faciat dubius,

Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:

cuspis,

Sil. 4, 188.—

Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:

nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,

Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):

jus, opp. certum,

id. 12, 3, 6;

opp. confessum,

id. 7, 7, 7:

in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31:

dubium vel anceps genus causarum,

Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

et incerta societas,

Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:

quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),

Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:

spes pacis,

id. Att. 8, 13:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:

victoria, praeda, laus,

Sall. J. 85, 48:

Marte,

Vell. 2, 55, 3:

spes armorum,

id. 2, 71:

discrimen pugnae,

indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:

proelia,

Tac. G. 6:

auctor,

unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:

an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?

i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:

dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),

id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

Hispaniae,

Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:

gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,

Liv. 9, 15:

lux,

i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:

sidera,

Juv. 5, 22; cf.

nox,

evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:

caelum,

i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:

fulgor solis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:

et quasi languidus dies,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:

dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,

i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:

dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,

not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:

consilia,

wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:

hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),

Liv. 4, 8; so,

haud dubius praetor,

id. 39, 39 fin.:

haud dubii hostes,

open enemies, id. 37, 49:

haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),

id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—

In the neutr. absol.

(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:

si quid erit dubium,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:

haud dubium id quidem est,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.

in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:

an dubium id tibi est?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:

de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,

de eorum jure,

id. de Or. 1, 57:

de re,

Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:

illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:

hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:

hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,

Quint. 6, 3, 83:

Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,

Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:

an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?

Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:

codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,

Quint. 7, 2, 52:

quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:

Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,

Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:

neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,

Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:

haud dubium est, quin,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;

and interrog.,

Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:

periisso me una haud dubium est,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.

interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:

si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—

Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:

an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:

an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,

Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:

haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —

In dubium:

in dubium vocare,

to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:

venire in dubium,

Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:

alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,

i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—

In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:

dum in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:

in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,

Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:

aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,

Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,

Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—

Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;

with sed tamen,

id. 12, 6, 7;

with tamen,

id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;

with verum,

id. 8 prooem. § 33;

with at,

id. 8, 3, 67;

with autem,

id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—

Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:

dubio procul,

Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—

Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):

res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,

critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,

res,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.

pericla (with advorsae res),

Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:

tempora (opp. secunda),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

mons erat ascensu dubius,

Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:

quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,

Sall. J. 94, 2.—

In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):

mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,

is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:

sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:

tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:

hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,

Verg. A. 7, 86:

mens dubiis percussa pavet,

Luc. 6, 596.

For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,

dubia cena,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:

fercula dubiae cenae,

Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):

potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,

Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:

etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):

non dubie,

Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,

too, nec dubie,

Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;

and with verum,

id. 3, 4, 1;

with sed,

Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,

haud dubie,

Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—

dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].

Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).

Lit. (very rare):

ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,

Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:

fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,

Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.

Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:

sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:

quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §

213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,

Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:

equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,

Liv. 4, 40:

dubius sum, quid faciam,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:

dubius, unde rumperet silentium,

id. Epod. 5, 85:

spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,

Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:

Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,

id. 31, 42:

haud dubius quin,

id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:

dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,

Liv. 6, 14; so,

haud dubius,

id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,

dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,

Ov. F. 6, 572:

consilii,

Just. 2, 13:

sententiae,

Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:

salutis,

Ov. M. 15, 438:

vitae,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:

fati,

Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—

Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):

dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,

Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.

hostes (opp. firmi),

id. ib. 51 fin.:

nutantes ac dubiae civitates,

Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:

quid faciat dubius,

Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:

cuspis,

Sil. 4, 188.—

Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:

nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,

Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):

jus, opp. certum,

id. 12, 3, 6;

opp. confessum,

id. 7, 7, 7:

in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31:

dubium vel anceps genus causarum,

Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

et incerta societas,

Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:

quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),

Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:

spes pacis,

id. Att. 8, 13:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:

victoria, praeda, laus,

Sall. J. 85, 48:

Marte,

Vell. 2, 55, 3:

spes armorum,

id. 2, 71:

discrimen pugnae,

indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:

proelia,

Tac. G. 6:

auctor,

unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:

an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?

i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:

dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),

id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

Hispaniae,

Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:

gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,

Liv. 9, 15:

lux,

i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:

sidera,

Juv. 5, 22; cf.

nox,

evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:

caelum,

i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:

fulgor solis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:

et quasi languidus dies,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:

dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,

i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:

dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,

not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:

consilia,

wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:

hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),

Liv. 4, 8; so,

haud dubius praetor,

id. 39, 39 fin.:

haud dubii hostes,

open enemies, id. 37, 49:

haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),

id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—

In the neutr. absol.

(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:

si quid erit dubium,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:

haud dubium id quidem est,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.

in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:

an dubium id tibi est?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:

de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,

de eorum jure,

id. de Or. 1, 57:

de re,

Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:

illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:

hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:

hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,

Quint. 6, 3, 83:

Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,

Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:

an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?

Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:

codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,

Quint. 7, 2, 52:

quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:

Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,

Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:

neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,

Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:

haud dubium est, quin,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;

and interrog.,

Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:

periisso me una haud dubium est,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.

interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:

si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—

Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:

an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:

an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,

Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:

haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —

In dubium:

in dubium vocare,

to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:

venire in dubium,

Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:

alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,

i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—

In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:

dum in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:

in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,

Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:

aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,

Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,

Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—

Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;

with sed tamen,

id. 12, 6, 7;

with tamen,

id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;

with verum,

id. 8 prooem. § 33;

with at,

id. 8, 3, 67;

with autem,

id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—

Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:

dubio procul,

Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—

Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):

res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,

critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,

res,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.

pericla (with advorsae res),

Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:

tempora (opp. secunda),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

mons erat ascensu dubius,

Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:

quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,

Sall. J. 94, 2.—

In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):

mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,

is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:

sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:

tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:

hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,

Verg. A. 7, 86:

mens dubiis percussa pavet,

Luc. 6, 596.

For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,

dubia cena,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:

fercula dubiae cenae,

Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):

potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,

Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:

etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):

non dubie,

Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,

too, nec dubie,

Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;

and with verum,

id. 3, 4, 1;

with sed,

Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,

haud dubie,

Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—

dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].

Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).

Lit. (very rare):

ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,

Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:

fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,

Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.

Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:

sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:

quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §

213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,

Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:

equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,

Liv. 4, 40:

dubius sum, quid faciam,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:

dubius, unde rumperet silentium,

id. Epod. 5, 85:

spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,

Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:

Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,

id. 31, 42:

haud dubius quin,

id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:

dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,

Liv. 6, 14; so,

haud dubius,

id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,

dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,

Ov. F. 6, 572:

consilii,

Just. 2, 13:

sententiae,

Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:

salutis,

Ov. M. 15, 438:

vitae,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:

fati,

Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—

Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):

dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,

Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.

hostes (opp. firmi),

id. ib. 51 fin.:

nutantes ac dubiae civitates,

Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:

quid faciat dubius,

Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:

cuspis,

Sil. 4, 188.—

Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?

Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:

nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,

Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):

jus, opp. certum,

id. 12, 3, 6;

opp. confessum,

id. 7, 7, 7:

in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31:

dubium vel anceps genus causarum,

Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

et incerta societas,

Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:

quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),

Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:

spes pacis,

id. Att. 8, 13:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:

victoria, praeda, laus,

Sall. J. 85, 48:

Marte,

Vell. 2, 55, 3:

spes armorum,

id. 2, 71:

discrimen pugnae,

indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:

proelia,

Tac. G. 6:

auctor,

unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:

an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?

i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:

dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),

id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

Hispaniae,

Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:

gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,

Liv. 9, 15:

lux,

i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:

sidera,

Juv. 5, 22; cf.

nox,

evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:

caelum,

i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:

fulgor solis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:

et quasi languidus dies,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:

dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,

i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:

dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,

not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:

consilia,

wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:

hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),

Liv. 4, 8; so,

haud dubius praetor,

id. 39, 39 fin.:

haud dubii hostes,

open enemies, id. 37, 49:

haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),

id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—

In the neutr. absol.

(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:

si quid erit dubium,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:

haud dubium id quidem est,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.

in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:

an dubium id tibi est?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:

de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,

de eorum jure,

id. de Or. 1, 57:

de re,

Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:

illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:

hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:

hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,

Quint. 6, 3, 83:

Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,

Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:

an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?

Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:

codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,

Quint. 7, 2, 52:

quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:

Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,

Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:

neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,

Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:

haud dubium est, quin,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;

and interrog.,

Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:

periisso me una haud dubium est,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.

interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:

si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—

Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:

an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:

an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,

Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:

haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —

In dubium:

in dubium vocare,

to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:

venire in dubium,

Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:

alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,

i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—

In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:

dum in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:

in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,

Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:

aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,

Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,

Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—

Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;

with sed tamen,

id. 12, 6, 7;

with tamen,

id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;

with verum,

id. 8 prooem. § 33;

with at,

id. 8, 3, 67;

with autem,

id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—

Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:

dubio procul,

Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—

Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):

res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,

critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,

res,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.

pericla (with advorsae res),

Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:

tempora (opp. secunda),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

mons erat ascensu dubius,

Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:

quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,

Sall. J. 94, 2.—

In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):

mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,

is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:

sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:

tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:

hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,

Verg. A. 7, 86:

mens dubiis percussa pavet,

Luc. 6, 596.

For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,

dubia cena,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:

fercula dubiae cenae,

Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):

potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,

Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:

etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):

non dubie,

Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,

too, nec dubie,

Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;

and with verum,

id. 3, 4, 1;

with sed,

Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,

haud dubie,

Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—

dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

pendĕo, pĕpendi, 2, v. n. [ intr. of pendo, q. v.], to hang, hang down, be suspended.

Lit., constr. with ab, ex, or in and abl.; also ( poet.), with abl. alone, or with de: pendent peniculamenta, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 32 (Ann. v. 363 Vahl.): in candelabro pendet strigilis, Varr. ap. Non. 223, 7:

in arbore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:

sagittae pende, bant ab umero,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: ex arbore,

id. ib. 2, 3, 26, §

66: ubera circum (pueri),

Verg. A. 8, 632:

horrida pendebant molles super ora capilli,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 17:

capiti patiar sacros pendere corymbos,

Prop. 2, 23, 35 (3, 28, 39):

telum... summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit,

Verg. A. 2, 544:

deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760.—Of garments:

chlamydemque ut pendeat apte, Collocat,

Ov. M. 2, 733:

tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent,

Verg. A. 11, 577.—Of slaves, who were strung up to be flogged, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:

quando pendes per pedes,

id. ib. 2, 2, 35:

ibi pendentem ferit,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 19; id. Truc. 4, 3, 3; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 48: quid me fiet nunciam? Theo. Verberibus caedere pendens, id. Most. 5, 2, 45:

ego plectar pendens, nisi, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 43; id. Eun. 5, 6, 20.— Poet., of suspended votive offerings:

omnibus heu portis pendent mea noxia vota,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 17; Tib. 1, 1, 16 (24):

pendebatque vagi pastoris in arbore votum,

id. 2, 5, 29:

pendebit fistula pinu,

Verg. E. 7, 24:

multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma, Captivi pendent currus, etc.,

id. A. 7, 184.—Of one who hangs himself, Mart. 8, 61, 2:

e trabe sublimi triste pependit onus,

Ov. R. Am. 18:

pendentem volo Zoilum videre,

Mart. 4, 77, 5.—Of any thing hung up for public notice;

of the names of persons accused,

Suet. Dom. 9, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 1;

of goods hung up, exposed for sale,

Phaedr. 3, 4, 1;

transf., of a debtor whose goods are exposed for sale,

Suet. Claud. 9 fin. —Prov.: pendere filo or tenui filo, to hang by a thread, i. e. to be in great danger: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 153 Vahl.):

omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 35; Val. Max. 6, 4, 1.—

Transf. (mostly poet.; cf. immineo).

To hang in the air, be suspended, to float, hover, overhang: per speluncas saxis structas asperis, pendentibus, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 245 Rib.);

imitated,

Lucr. 6, 195:

hinc scopulus raucis pendet adesus aquis,

Ov. H. 10, 26:

dum siccā tellure licet, dum nubila pendent,

Verg. G. 1, 214:

hi summo in fluctu pendent,

id. A. 1, 106:

illisaque prora pependit,

id. ib. 5, 206; Curt. 4, 2, 9:

dumosā pendere procul de rupe videbo (capros),

Verg. E. 1, 77:

pendentes rupe capellae,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 51.—So of birds, which float or hover in the air:

olor niveis pendebat in aëra pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 379; 8, 145:

et supra vatem multa pependit avis,

Mart. Spect. 21.—

Of a rapid course: raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent,

Stat. Th. 6, 638.—

To hang loosely together, be unstable, movable:

opertum (litus) pendeat algā,

Ov. M. 11, 233.—

To hang about, loiter, tarry, linger anywhere:

nostroque in limine pendes,

Verg. A. 6, 151.—

To hang down, be flabby or flaccid, weak, without strength:

fluidos pendere lacertos,

Ov. M. 15, 231:

pendentesque genas et aniles aspice rugas,

Juv. 10, 193.—

To weigh:

offula cum duabus costis quae penderet III. et XX. pondo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 11:

cyathus pendet drachmas X., mna pendet drachmas Atticas centum,

Plin. 21, 34, 109, § 185:

Lucio Titio modios centum, qui singuli pondo centum pendeant, heres dato,

Dig. 33, 6, 7.—

Trop.

To hang, rest, or depend upon a person or thing (class.); constr. with ex, in, ab, the simple abl., or de:

tuorum, qui ex te pendent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2:

spes pendet ex fortunā,

id. Par. 2, 17:

ex quo verbo tota causa pendebat,

id. de Or. 2, 25, 107; id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

hinc omnis pendet Lucilius,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 6:

an ignoratis. vectigalia perlevi saepe momento fortunae pendere?

Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80:

salus nostra, quae spe exiguā extremāque pendet,

Cic. Fl. 2, 4:

tam levi momento mea apud vos fama pendet,

Liv. 2, 7, 10:

pendere ex alterius vultu ac nutu,

id. 39, 5, 3:

oblite, tuā nostram pendere salutem,

Sil. 3, 109: in sententiis [p. 1328] omnium civium famam nostram fortunamque pendere, Cic. Pis. 41, 98:

ex ancipiti temporum mutatione pendere,

Curt. 4, 1, 27; Luc. 5, 686:

deque tuis pendentia Dardana fatis,

Sil. 13, 504; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 105:

tyrannus, cum quo fatum pendebat amici,

Juv. 4, 88.—

To hang upon a person's words, to gaze fixedly, listen attentively to ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

haereo): (Dido) pendet iterum narrantis ab ore,

Verg. A. 4, 79:

narrantis conjux pendet ab ore viri,

Ov. H. 1, 30:

ab imagine pendet,

Sil. 8, 93; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 72:

pervigil Arcadio Tiphys pendebat ab astro,

Val. Fl. 1, 481:

attentus et pendens,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 7:

ex vultu dicentis pendent omnium vultus,

Sen. Contr. 9, 23, 5.— Poet., with a terminal clause:

e summo pendent cupida agmina vallo, Noscere quisque suos,

Stat. Th. 10, 457.—

To be suspended, interrupted, discontinued ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pendent opera interrupta,

Verg. A. 4, 88:

mutui datio interdum pendet,

Dig. 12, 1, 8:

condictio pendet,

ib. 7, 1, 12 fin.:

actio negotiorum gestorum pendeat,

ib. 3, 5, 8; 24, 1, 11:

pendet jus liberorum, propter jus postliminii,

Just. Inst. 1, 12, 5.—

To hang suspended, be ready to fall:

nec amicum pendentem corruere patitur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—

To be in suspense, to be uncertain, doubiful, irresolute, perplexed (cf. haesito):

animus tibi pendet?

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 18:

nolo suspensam et incertam plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

ne diutius pendeas,

id. Att. 4, 15, 6:

quia quam diu futurum hoc sit, non nimis pendeo,

Sen. Ep. 61, 2:

mortales pavidis cum pendent mentibus,

Lucr. 6, 51.—Esp. freq.:

pendere animi (locative case, v. Kühnast,

Liv. Synt. p. 39):

Clitipho cum spe pendebit animi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 5:

exanimatus pendet animi,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:

pendeo animi exspectatione Corfiniensi,

id. Att. 8, 5, 2:

animi pendeo et de te et de me,

id. ib. 16, 12.—With rel.-clause:

ego animi pendeo, quid illud sit negotii,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 18:

ostendis te pendere animi, quamnam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 12, 1; id. Leg. 1, 3, 9.—Less freq.: pendere animo: atque animo noctu pendens eventa timebat, Cic. poët. ap. Non. 204, 8.—In plur.:

animis: quodsi exspectando et desiderando pendemus animis, cruciamur, angimur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

sollicitis ac pendentibus animis,

Liv. 7, 30 fin. dub. (al. animi, v. Drak. ad loc.).—With cum:

plebs innumera mentibus cum dimicationum curulium eventu pendentem,

Amm. 14, 6, 26.—Law t. t., to be undetermined, to await decision:

pendente condicione,

Gai. Inst. 2, 200; 1, 186; 3, 179.—

To have weight or value:

bona vera idem pendent,

Sen. Ep. 66, 30 (Haas; al. pendunt).—Hence, pendens, entis, P. a.

Hanging; in econom. lang., of fruits not yet plucked or gathered:

vinum,

Cato, R. R. 147:

vindemia,

Dig. 19, 1, 25:

olea,

Cato, R. R. 146:

fructus,

Dig. 6, 1, 44. —

Pending; hence, in jurid, Lat., in pendenti esse, to be pending, undecided, uncertain:

quando in pendenti est, an, etc.,

Dig. 38, 17, 10:

in pendenti est posterior solutio ac prior,

ib. 46, 3, 58; 7, 1, 25:

in pendenti habere aliquid,

to regard a thing as uncertain, doubtful, Dig. 49, 17, 19 fin.

suspĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n. [sub-specio].

To look up or upwards, to look up at a thing.

Lit.:

cum caelum suspeximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 18, 49:

caelum,

Suet. Tit. 10:

summum de gurgite caelum,

Ov. M. 11, 506:

astra,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 62:

ramos,

Ov. M. 14, 660:

pisces qui neque videntur a nobis neque ipsi nos suspicere possunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. — Poet.: nubes suspexit Olympus, looked up at, i. e. rose into the clouds, Luc. 6, 477: quae tuam matrem (i. e. Pleiadem) tellus a parte sinistrā Suspicit, which looks, i. e. is situated towards, Ov. M. 2, 840:

suspexit in caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; 3, 2, 3.— Absol.:

nec suspicit nec circumspicit,

Cic. Div. 2, 34, 72:

formare vultus, respicientes, suspicientesque et despicientes,

Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 56.—

Trop.

In gen., to look up to a thing with the mind, to raise the thoughts up to:

nihil altum, nihil magnificum ac divinum suspicere possunt, qui, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32.—

In partic., to look up to with admiration, to admire, respect, regard, esteem, honor, etc. (opp. despicere, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25;

syn. stupeo): eos viros suspiciunt maximisque efferunt laudibus, in quibus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 36:

suspicit potentem humilis,

Vell. 2, 126, 2; Suet. Claud. 28:

eloquentiam,

Cic. Or. 28, 97:

naturam (with admirari),

id. Div. 2, 72, 148: honores praemiaque vestra, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 2:

argentum et marmor vetus aeraque et artes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 18.—

To look at secretly or askance; hence, by meton. (effectus pro causā), to mistrust, suspect (perh. only in participles; and most freq. in the part. perf.):

Bomilcar suspectus regi et ipse eum suspiciens,

Sall. J. 70, 1.—Hence, suspectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to suspicio, II.), mistrusted, suspected; that excites suspicion.

Of persons, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 81:

habere aliquem falso suspectum,

id. ib. 3, 6, 43:

quo quis versutior et callidior est hoc invisior et suspectior detractā opinione probitatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

provincia de morbis,

Pall. 1, 16:

ne super tali scelere suspectum se haberet,

Sall. J. 71, 5:

in quādam causā suspectus,

Quint. 6, 3, 96:

in morte matris,

Suet. Vit. 14:

in eā (filiā),

id. Gram. 16; Tac. H. 1, 13:

suspectus societate consilii,

Vell. 2, 35, 3:

suspecti capitalium criminum,

Tac. A. 3, 60:

nimiae spei,

id. ib. 3, 29 fin.:

Licinius Proculus intimā familiaritate Othonis suspectus,

id. H. 1, 46:

aemulationis,

id. A. 13, 9:

proditionis,

Just. 5, 9, 12:

sceleris,

Curt. 6, 8, 3.—With dat.:

non clam me est, tibi me esse suspectam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 1:

meis civibus suspectus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; id. Quint. 4, 14:

cum filius jamjam patri suspectus esset de novercā,

id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

nomine neglegentiae suspectum esse alicui,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1: suspectissimum quemque sibi haud cunctanter oppressit. Suet. Tit. 6.—With inf.:

suspectus consilia ejus fovisse,

Tac. H. 1, 46.—

Of things, concr. and abstr.:

(in tyrannorum vitā) omnia semper suspecta atque sollicita,

Cic. Lael, 15, 52:

(voluptas) invidiosum nomen est, infame, suspectum,

id. Fin. 2, 4, 12:

res,

Liv. 41, 24, 17:

ut quae suspecta erant, certa videantur,

Quint. 5, 9, 10:

in suspecto loco,

i. e. uncertain, critical, dangerous, Liv. 21, 7, 7:

in eā parte consedit, quae suspecta maxime erat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

lacus Ambiguis suspectus aquis,

Ov. M. 15, 333:

metuit accipiter Suspectos laqueos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 51:

periculum,

Suet. Dom. 14:

suspectae horae (quartanae),

Sen. Ben. 6, 8, 1:

tumores,

Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 55:

aqua frigida,

id. 31, 6, 37, § 71:

promissum suspectius,

Quint. 5, 7, 14.—With dat.:

animi medicina pluribus suspecta et invisa,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 1:

suspectam facit judici causam,

Quint. 5, 13, 51.— Neutr., with subject-clause:

crudele, suos addicere amores: Non dare, suspectum,

Ov. M. 1, 618.—

Act., suspicious, distrustful:

timidi et suspecti,

Cato, Dist. 4, 44; Amm. 29, 4, 5.

suspīcĭo (in good MSS. and edd. also suspītĭo; v. Brambach s. v.; Fleckeis. in Rhein. Mus. viii. p. 225 sqq.; and so always in Plaut. and Ter. acc. to Fleck., and in Cic. acc. to B. and K.; but cf. contra Corss. Ausspr. 2, 359 sq.), ōnis. f. [1. suspicio], mistrust, distrust, suspicion.

Lit.: improborum facta primo suspitio insequitur, [p. 1821] deinde sermo atque fama, tum accusator, tum judex, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

tanta nunc suspitio de me incidit,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 7: redeunti ex ipsā re mi incidit suspitio;

hem, etc.,

id. And. 2, 2, 22:

in quā re nulla subest suspitio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28:

erat porro nemo, in quem ea suspitio conveniret,

id. ib. 23, 65:

in quem ne si insidiis quidem interfectus esset, ulla caderet suspitio,

id. Att. 13, 10, 3:

suspitionem populi sensit moveri,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54; cf. id. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

in suspitionem alicui venire,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 7, § 15; id. Fl. 33, 81; cf. Suet. Tib. 12:

in suspitionem cadere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

augetur Gallis suspicio,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

suspitionem levare atque ab se removere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136:

aliquem suspitione exsolvere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 26:

omnem offensionem suspitionis de aliquo deponere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2: suspitionem falsam saeviter ferre, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5 (Trag. v. 349 Vahl.):

maligna insontem deprimit suspicio,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 36:

suspicione si quis errabit suā,

id. 3, prol. 45: audimus eum venisse in suspitionem Torquato de morte Pansae, Brut. ap. Cic. ad Brut. 1, 6, 2.— Plur.:

in amore haec omnia insunt vitia: injuriae, Suspitiones, inimicitiae,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 15:

multae causae suspitionum offensionumque dantur,

Cic. Lael. 24, 88:

cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

si minus honestas suspitiones injectas diluemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 16, 22.—

With gen. obj.:

ne in suspitione ponatur stupri,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 27 (Ussing, suspicione):

in aliquem suspitionem amoris transferre,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 52:

alicui suspitionem ficte reconciliatae gratiae dare,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

in suspitionem avaritiae venire,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 14:

in suspitionem conjurationis vocari,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 10:

qui in suspitionem incidit regni appetendi,

id. Mil. 27, 72:

belli subita suspitio,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 7, § 15:

expellere aliquem suspitione cognationis,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54:

belli suspicione interpositā,

Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

dare timoris aliquam suspicionem,

id. ib. 7, 54:

habebit enim suspicionem adulterii,

Nep. Epam. 5, 5:

ea res minime firmam suspitionem veneni habet,

excites, Cic. Clu. 62, 174.—

With subject-clause:

suspitio est mihi, nunc vos suspicarier, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 149:

jam tum erat suspitio, Dolo malo haec fieri omnia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8:

addit fuisse suspitionem, veneno sibi conscivisse mortem,

Cic. Brut. 11, 43; cf. with quasi:

unde nata suspicio est, quasi desciscere a patre temptasset,

Suet. Tit. 5.—

Transf., in gen.

A notion, idea, suggestion (very rare; cf.:

opinio, conjectura): deorum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 62: suspitione attingere intellegentiam aut maris aut terrae, id ib. 3, 25, 64:

suspitionem nullam habebam te rei publicae causā mare transiturum,

id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1.—

Objectively, an appearance, indication:

ne quam suspicionem infirmitatis daret,

Suet. Tib. 72:

nullā suspicione vulneris laesus,

Petr. 94 fin.:

mulsa quae suspicionem tantum possit habere dulcedinis,

Pall. Jan. 15, 8.